National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS)
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PRINT ISSN : 2319-7692
Online ISSN : 2319-7706 Issues : 12 per year Publisher : Excellent Publishers Email : editorijcmas@gmail.com / submit@ijcmas.com Editor-in-chief: Dr.M.Prakash Index Copernicus ICV 2018: 95.39 NAAS RATING 2020: 5.38 |
Surface water sources remain a primary domestic water supply in many rural communities in Nigeria. However, microbiological contamination of untreated river water poses substantial public health risks, particularly in settings with inadequate sanitation infrastructure. This study evaluated the bacteriological quality and antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial isolates from Okwe and Imo Rivers in Imo State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between July and September 2020. Forty water samples (20 per river) were collected aseptically from multiple sites. Heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) were determined using the pour plate method. Total coliform count (TCC) and total Escherichia coli count (TEC) were assessed using the Most Probable Number (MPN) technique. Isolates were identified by Gram staining and standard biochemical tests according to Cheesbrough (2006). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method. All samples demonstrated bacterial contamination. HPC values exceeded recommended limits for potable water in multiple sampling sites. Total coliforms and E. coli were detected in both rivers, indicating faecal contamination. Predominant isolates included Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp., Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp. Several Gram-negative isolates demonstrated resistance to commonly used antibiotics, including Septrin and Amoxicillin. Okwe and Imo Rivers are microbiologically unsafe for direct human consumption. The detection of faecal indicator organisms and antibiotic-resistant bacteria highlights a significant public health concern. Immediate water treatment interventions and improved sanitation infrastructure are recommended.
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