National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS)
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PRINT ISSN : 2319-7692
Online ISSN : 2319-7706 Issues : 12 per year Publisher : Excellent Publishers Email : editorijcmas@gmail.com / submit@ijcmas.com Editor-in-chief: Dr.M.Prakash Index Copernicus ICV 2018: 95.39 NAAS RATING 2020: 5.38 |
Monkeypox (mpox), a zoonotic disease, is caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus within the Poxviridae family. MPXV was first discovered in 1958 in captive monkeys in Denmark. Before 1970, while MPXV had infected monkeys and apes, no human case of mpox was documented. The first confirmed case of mpox occurred in a 9-month-old boy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in August 1970. Since then, the disease has been reported in several countries in Central and Western Africa. Between 2018 and 2021, several travel-related mpox cases were reported in non-endemic countries such as the UK, USA, Israel, and Singapore. The first mpox outbreak in a non-endemic country occurred in the USA in 2003, linked to the importation of animals, including small mammals and rodents from Ghana. A global mpox outbreak began in May 2022 and was subsequently declared by WHO as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on July 23, 2022. As of October 31, 2024, 115,103 mpox cases (115,101 confirmed and 2 probable) were reported across 126 countries in six WHO regions resulting in 255 deaths. India’s first confirmed mpox case was recognized in Kerala on July 14, 2022. As of Oct. 31, 2024, a total of 33 cases have been reported nationwide, with 17 in Kerala and 16 in Delhi. The first mpox related death in India occurred in Kerala on August 1, 2022. This review is an attempt to highlight the need for extensive research on varying epidemiological factors involved including the agent pathogen, its reservoir animals, the human host, and ecology of the disease with special reference to Kerala, especially in the context of rising disease incidence in the state.
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