Anthropogenic activities have been the main cause of perceived global warming later in the middle of 20th century. Tillage intensive and highly mechanized traditional agriculture production system has been identified responsible for soil erosion hazards, surface and groundwater pollution, and more water consumption. As a result, the agricultural production system is becoming unsustainable. To achieve the food security of an ever growing population and alleviate poverty besides maintaining agricultural sustainability in the existing situation of degrading natural resources, undesirable effects of climatic inconsistency, rising price of inputs and unstable market prices of food, most of the Asian countries have to face these major challenges. As a result, a drastic change in agricultural practices is required for achieving desirable productivity while nourishing the natural resources. In this situation, to address the sustainability of agriculture globally, the concept of Conservation agriculture (CA) evolved. CA system is very effective natural physical protection against weather (rainfall, wind, dry or wet periods) and improving soil physical health like reducing bulk density (BD) and penetration resistance (PR), increasing hydraulic conductivity and infiltration rate. CA adaptation can improve soil aggregation and soil organic carbon storage. Retention of crop residue on soil surface can moderate soil hydrothermal regimes. With the adoption of CA, environment becomes more healthy and sustainable through maintaining of environmental integrity and services for wider community because of reduced fossil fuels use, less pesticides, and other chemicals consumption. It guards surface and ground water from pollution and similarly alleviates negative climate change effects. Henceforth, CA offers outstanding soil fertility and as well reduces money, time and fossil-fuel consumption. CA system is an effective substitute to conventional agriculture, reducing its disadvantages.

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