Public Health Risk of Salmonella spp. in Ready-to-Eat Grilled Chicken from Street Vendors in Khartoum, Sudan: A Quantitative Risk Assessment
1Food Safety Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
2College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan
*Corresponding author
Abstract:
Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) remains underutilized in food safety systems across sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to estimate the public health risk associated with Salmonella spp. in ready-to-eat grilled chicken sold by vendors in Khartoum State, Sudan. A secondary QMRA model was developed using previously published contamination data. Dose–response modeling was conducted using the exponential model with an infectivity parameter (r = 0.00752). A serving size of 220 g was applied. Monte Carlo simulation (10, 000 iterations) analysis was performed to evaluate uncertainty and key risk drivers. At a contamination level of 1 log10 CFU/g, the estimated illness probability per contaminated serving approached unity. With a contamination prevalence of 16%, the conditional probability of illness was estimated at 0.16. Monte Carlo simulation yielded a median probability of 0.158 (95% uncertainty interval: 0.12–0.21). Ready-to-eat grilled chicken sold by vendors represents a significant and preventable public health risk. Risk reduction strategies should prioritize contamination control and hygiene interventions at vendor level.
Keywords:
Salmonella spp., QMRA, ready-to-eat food, street vendors, food safety, Sudan
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How to cite this article:
Iskander D., Adil M. A. Salman and Fangama M. I. M. 2026. Public Health Risk of
Salmonella spp. in Ready-to-Eat Grilled Chicken from Street Vendors in Khartoum, Sudan: A Quantitative Risk Assessment
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci.
15(10): 321-325
doi:
https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2026.1510.034
Citations
National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) 
