National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS)
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PRINT ISSN : 2319-7692
Online ISSN : 2319-7706 Issues : 12 per year Publisher : Excellent Publishers Email : editorijcmas@gmail.com submit@ijcmas.com Editor-in-chief: Dr.M.Prakash Index Copernicus ICV 2018: 95.39 NAAS RATING 2020: 5.38 |
An analysis of the plant-parasitic nematodes found in the banana (Musa AAA) plantations in Ecuador between 2016 and 2025 was carried out. Nematode extraction was done from 25 g of fresh roots that were macerated in a kitchen blender and from which nematodes were recovered in a 0.025 mm (No 500) mesh sieve. Data was subjected to frequency analysis, and the absolute frequency was calculated for each individual genus. Four plant parasitic nematodes were detected, and based on their frequencies and population densities the relative importance of nematode genera was established in decreasing order as follows: Helicotylenchus spp. > R. similis > Meloidogyne spp. > Pratylenchus spp. Helicotylenchus spp. was the most abundant and frequent nematode, representing between 36.4 and 64.4% of the total population of phytoparasitic nematodes in the roots, followed by Radopholus similis with between 24.1 and 38.5% of the population throughout the different analyzed years. From a total of 14833 root samples, 14373 (97%) contained Helicotylenchus spp., 13288 (89.6%) R. similis, 9261 (62.4%) Meloidogyne spp., 7638 (51.5%) Pratylenchus spp., and when all phytoparasitic nematodes present were pooled (total nematodes) 14799 (99.8%) of the samples had nematodes. Large number of samples with nematode population above the economic threshold suggested by AGROCALIDAD, INIAP and ANEMAGRO of 2500-3000 nematodes per 100 g of roots or 1000 nematodes per 100 g of functional roots were observed in all the years, months and the 5 (Cañar, El Oro, Guayas, Los Ríos, Cotopaxi) provinces. The statistical differences (P< 0.0001) detected for average nematodes and frequencies among years, months and provinces more likely are associated to the high number of samples included in each year, month and province, since variations in average nematode and frequencies for each nematode genus were small. These high plant parasitic nematode populations together with the adverse effects of climate change which include rising temperatures, changes in rainfall patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events which it is known that poses significant risks to food security and with the lack of nematode control measures, due to the restrictions imposed by certifying bodies and supermarkets, are more likely related to the low productivity reported of between 1600 and 2200 boxes per hectare.
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