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Original Research Articles Volume : 15, Issue : 6, June, 2026

PRINT ISSN : 2319-7692
Online ISSN : 2319-7706
Issues : 12 per year
Publisher : Excellent Publishers
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Editor-in-chief: Dr.M.Prakash
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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci.2026.15(6) : 140-155
DOI : https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2026.1506.014


Global Epidemiology and Emerging Trends of Hantavirus Infection: A One Health Perspective

Shyamala Ravikoti1 and Mohanasundari Sekkulandai Kuppuswamy2*
1Department of Microbiology, AIIMS Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India 2College of Nursing, AIIMS Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
*Corresponding author
Abstract:

Hantaviruses are rodent-borne zoonotic pathogens responsible for Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) and Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome (HCPS). Their epidemiology is strongly influenced by interactions among reservoir hosts, environmental conditions, climatic variability, and human activities. Increasing evidence indicates that climate change, urbanization, deforestation, agricultural expansion, and biodiversity alterations are reshaping hantavirus transmission dynamics worldwide. To review the global epidemiology of hantavirus infections and examine the roles of rodent reservoirs, transmission ecology, climate change, environmental drivers, and One Health approaches in disease emergence, surveillance, and prevention. A narrative review was conducted using literature retrieved from PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2025 were screened using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Epidemiological studies, surveillance reports, ecological investigations, outbreak analyses, and One Health-related publications were included. Findings were synthesized according to major thematic areas, including global epidemiology, reservoir ecology, environmental determinants, surveillance strategies, and prevention approaches. Approximately 150, 000–200, 000 HFRS cases are estimated to occur annually worldwide, with China accounting for the majority of reported infections. Europe experiences recurrent outbreaks of Puumala virus-associated nephropathia epidemica, while HCPS remains a significant concern in North and South America because of case-fatality rates ranging from 30% to 40%. Climatic factors such as temperature, precipitation, and extreme weather events influence rodent population dynamics and disease transmission. Environmental changes, including deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and urbanization, further increase opportunities for human exposure. Integrated surveillance systems combining ecological, environmental, and epidemiological data have improved outbreak prediction and preparedness. Hantavirus epidemiology is shaped by complex interactions among humans, rodents, and environmental systems. Climate change and environmental modification are expected to influence future disease emergence. Strengthening One Health surveillance, expanding ecological monitoring, improving diagnostic capacity, and promoting interdisciplinary collaboration are essential for reducing disease burden and enhancing preparedness for future outbreaks.


Keywords: Hantavirus; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome; Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome; One Health; Climate Change; Rodent Reservoirs; Epidemiology; Surveillance

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How to cite this article:

Shyamala Ravikoti and Mohanasundari Sekkulandai Kuppuswamy. 2026. "Global Epidemiology and Emerging Trends of Hantavirus Infection: A One Health Perspective Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 15(6): 140-155 doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2026.1506.014
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