National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS)
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PRINT ISSN : 2319-7692
Online ISSN : 2319-7706 Issues : 12 per year Publisher : Excellent Publishers Email : editorijcmas@gmail.com / submit@ijcmas.com Editor-in-chief: Dr.M.Prakash Index Copernicus ICV 2018: 95.39 NAAS RATING 2020: 5.38 |
Enteric fever is a life-threatening systemic illness caused by Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella paratyphi. It is transmitted by the fecal-oral route via contaminated food and water and is therefore common where sanitary conditions are inadequate and access to clean water is limited. Historically, the first-line agents (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) were the drug of choice for the management of enteric fever. Since the emergence of drug-resistant strains of Salmonella, first-line antibiotics fell out of favor and were not frequently used for this illness lately. Interestingly, there have been recent reports of first-line antibiotic susceptible Salmonella strains. This reemergence of first-line antibiotic sensitive Salmonella strains is promising and highlights the importance of continuous antibiogram surveillance and helps in typhoid management. To study the change in antibiogram pattern of Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella paratyphi a over two years. Samples such as blood, stool, urine, body fluids received in microbiology department of ASTER MIMS HOSPITAL are examined for salmonella using standard bacteriological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility is tested using Kirby -Bauer disc diffusion method results interpreted according to CLSI guidelines. The VITEK® 2 Compact automatic system is employed for identification. Among the 133 isolates studied 66 identified as Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A, people aged 21–30 were more in number. majority of isolates were from blood followed by bone marrow and stool, case numbers was peaking between April and July the overall antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Salmonella Typhi and S. Paratyphi A remained highly favorable for the firstline drugs that is ampicillin, amoxiclav, ceftriaxone and cefixime which continued to show 100 % sensitivity Although ciprofloxacinsusceptibility rate for S. Typhi was unchanged, resistance incresed by 6 %, and the proportion of intermediate isolates decreased by 7 %, In S. Paratyphi A, effectiveness of ciprofloxacin has declined by 17%, . Azithromycin Susceptibility has decreased in both isolates (1% for S. Typhi, 6 % for S. Paratyphi A). An increase in sensitivity to chloramphenicol was recorded (4% for S. Typhi, 14 % for S. Paratyphi A). Ampicillin, amoxiclav, ceftriaxone and cefxime continue to be the Most reliable empirical options, the gradual changes in ciprofoxacin and azithromycin susceptibility pattern highlights the importance of continual monitoring of change in antibiotic susceptibility to ensure effective treatment and address emerging resistance.
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