Set theory, introduced by Georg Cantor in the late 19th century, is a fundamental aspect of modern mathematics and computation. This paper explores the core principles of set theory, their historical development, and their classifications, such as finite versus infinite and countable versus uncountable sets. Additionally, the study examines the role of set theory in Computer Science, particularly in relational databases and artificial intelligence. It highlights the significance of set theory in relational algebra and SQL, focusing on operations like union, intersection, and joins that are essential for data management. The paper also analyzes the impact of set theory on contemporary computational systems, including data structures and algorithms, demonstrating their critical role in optimizing query performance and advancing technology. By connecting theory to practical application, this study illustrates the importance of set theory in enhancing database operations and driving innovation in the digital age.

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