The study analyses the trends in area, production, and productivity of cotton in Odisha, using secondary time series data divided into two periods: before (1985–2002) and after (2002–2018) the introduction of Bt cotton. A semi-log growth model was used to calculate the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), while instability was assessed using the Cuddy-Della Valle Index (CDVI). Results show a notable rise in cotton area, production, and productivity after the adoption of Bt cotton in Odisha and in India and for its highest adjusted R² on increasing future projection trends with respect to area, production and productivity of cotton in India. Despite these gains, farmers continue to face challenges such as poor seed quality, pest infestations, and limited awareness of modern technologies. The study emphasizes the need to strengthen agricultural extension services to address these constraints and enhance the benefits of Bt cotton adoption.

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