National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS)
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PRINT ISSN : 2319-7692
Online ISSN : 2319-7706 Issues : 12 per year Publisher : Excellent Publishers Email : editorijcmas@gmail.com / submit@ijcmas.com Editor-in-chief: Dr.M.Prakash Index Copernicus ICV 2018: 95.39 NAAS RATING 2020: 5.38 |
Beans of the Phaseolus genus are among the neglected and underutilized species, exposing them to a high risk of genetic erosion and extinction. This study aimed to identify production areas and producers, document cultural practices, analyze production constraints, explore suitable solutions, and assess the effects of climate change on Phaseolus cultivation. The methodology employed was based on the snowball sampling technique, implemented after a preliminary identification of villages and potential producers, conducted in collaboration with agents from the Institut de Conseil et d’Appui Technique (ICAT) in Togo. Data were collected through surveys of producers. The results indicate that the surveyed producers, with an average age of 45.87 ± 0.43 years, have accumulated 13.96 ± 0.47 years of experience in bean cultivation. Women predominantly manage production on average arable areas of 5.96 ± 0.44 hectares, of which 3.67 ± 0.17 hectares are actively cultivated. Beans are often grown in intercropping systems under trees, primarily dry trees (521) or under palms (Elaeis guineensis). Most producers (41.36%) began cultivation using seeds received as donations, while seeds for the following planting season are mainly derived from previous harvests (97.35% of producers). The results also reveal that corn (citation frequency: 98.9%; Smith index: 0.7418), cassava (70.1%; 0.4150), and cowpea (66.4%; 0.3514) are most frequently associated with Phaseolus spp.. Sowing periods vary by region but generally occur in May and July (61.47%), with harvesting between January and February (65.42%), depending on the varieties cultivated for an average cycle length of more than 210 days (69.80% of producers). The main constraints identified include pest infestations, notably field caterpillars (185 producers), storage pests (130 producers), and bean weevils (Acanthoscelides obtectus) during storage (69 producers), as well as a lack of trees for staking plants.
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