National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS)
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PRINT ISSN : 2319-7692
Online ISSN : 2319-7706 Issues : 12 per year Publisher : Excellent Publishers Email : editorijcmas@gmail.com / submit@ijcmas.com Editor-in-chief: Dr.M.Prakash Index Copernicus ICV 2018: 95.39 NAAS RATING 2020: 5.38 |
Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized oncological treatment, offering patients improved survival and quality of life. However, tumor heterogeneity, immune evasion, and treatment toxicity hinder its full potential. Nanomedicine provides innovative solutions to these challenges by enhancing immunotherapeutic strategies' efficacy, specificity, and safety. This review explores current advances in the application of nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy, focusing on their role in personalized approaches, multifunctional therapeutic modalities, biocompatibility considerations, and enhancement of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Critical developments in bioinspired and stimuli-responsive nanotechnologies are discussed, emphasizing their ability to modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME), improve drug delivery, and facilitate combination therapies. The review also addresses translational challenges, regulatory considerations, and clinical advancements, highlighting examples from recent clinical trials and emerging technologies. Personalized nanomedicine enables the design of tailored therapeutic agents targeting tumors, reducing off-target effects and maximizing therapeutic efficacy. Multifunctional nanomaterials facilitate synergistic effects when combining photothermal, photodynamic, chemotherapeutic, and immunotherapeutic modalities. While promising, toxicity, biodegradability, and long-term safety issues necessitate standardized evaluation protocols for clinical translation. Advancements in stimuli-responsive nanomaterials and immune checkpoint inhibitors contribute to developing next-generation cancer immunotherapies with improved outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of nanomedicine's current landscape, challenges, and future perspectives in cancer immunotherapy, advocating for further research to address the existing gaps and optimize clinical applications.
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