Phaius tankervilliae (L’Her.) Blume is one of the most attractive and horticulturally valuable ground orchids of the world. Due to illegal collection for trade and consumption and loss of habitat, the population of this species has decreased rapidly at an alarming rate in natural habitats. In vitro seed germination and seedling development of Phaius tankervilliae technique was successfully established for rapid multiplication using 0.8% (w/v) agar solidified MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of Kinetin (Kin) and NAA. MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L¬¬-1 Kin + 1.0 mg L¬¬-1 NAA was the most ideal condition for early seed germination (2.87 weeks), fastest protocorm formation (5.07 weeks), tallest shoots (6.85 cm) and maximum number of roots per plant (6.20). However, maximum number of shoots (52.27) per culture and maximum number of shoots with roots (50.27) were produced when the plantlets were transferred to MS basal medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L¬¬-1 Kin + 1.0 mg L¬¬-1 NAA. The well developed in vitro rooted plantlets were hardened successfully in the potting mixture containing only vermiculite (86.00 %) followed by vermiculite + vermicompost (71.00 %) at 1:1 ratio.

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