Deoni is a dual purpose medium sized heavy breed among 50 well established cattle breed of India mostly found in Marathwada region of Maharashtra, Bidar district of Karnataka and some part of Medak district in Telangana state which are mostly drought prone areas. On the basis of morphological characteristics, Deoni breed is classified into three strains i.e. Balankya (pure white body colour), Waghya (white and black Spots on the body) and Wannera (animals with black face covering both the side of face and complete white Body). Present work was undertaken to study its production, reproduction and disease resistance traits. On the basis of earlier study it was reported that the average lactation milk yield was recorded as 910.95±27.62 Kg to 238.86±76.00 Kg, Daily milk yield 2.91±0.05 Kg to 2.17±0.07 Kg, Peak milk yield 4.68±0.05 Kg to 2.28±0.24 Kg, Average Fat percentage 4.3±0.14 percent, Lactation length 293.3±2.9 days to 185.79±4.35 days, Dry period 282.77±12.85 days to 103.66±19.78 days, Age at first calving 1628.4±0.2 days to 1070.80±17.17 days, Inter-calving period 566.10±13.63 days to 395.87±3.38 days and Service period 286.57±13.38 days to 116.04±3.21 days respectively. Review was taken on Genetic study conducted by using disease resistance genes like TLR-2, TLR-4 production and reproduction associated genes like CYP11B1 (Cytochrome P45011 beta hydroxylase 1) and PPARGC1A (Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma Co-activator 1 Alpha) genes and it was observed that there was strong significant association between CRS exon 2-1 of TLR-2 gene and significant association of exon 3.3 of TLR-4 gene with somatic cell count and significant effect of CYP11B1 (p.Val30Ala) and PPARGC1A (c.3359A>C) genes with first lactation milk yield. In contrast exon 1 and exon 2 of TLR-2 gene showed lack of association with somatic cell count. Interferon- stimulated gene 15 (ISG 15) gene expressions is upregulated during 16–18 days of pregnancy and could be useful as an early pregnancy marker. Exon 2, 3 and 14 of Lactoferrin gene showed polymorphism and useful as a strong genetic marker for selecting Deoni cattle for udder health and immunity. Glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1) gene showed effect on Age at first calving, Lactation length and Lactation yield. Study on β-casein gene (CSN2), showed, A2 allele is fixed in Deoni cattle.

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