The present study was undertaken during 2016-17 at Research farm, Dr. PDKV, Akola. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments replicated three times in Vertisols. The objective of the present experiment was to evaluate the effect of different resource conservation practices on soil physical and biological condition under cotton based soybean rotation in Vertisols. The cotton based soybean rotation was followed since 2011-12. The present experiment was superimposed on soybean during 2016-17. The treatments comprised for soybean crop was recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) alone and their compensation with organics viz., FYM, phosphocompost, neemcake, bio mulch (farm waste) and green leaf manuring. The results of the present experiment indicated that, the organic carbon was improved with the application of RDF + PC to soybean and 100 % N (FYM) + compensation of P (phosphocompost) to preceding cotton crop resulted improvement in physical conditions of soils i.e. bulk density (1.33 (Mg m-3), hydraulic conductivity (0.75 cm hr -1) and AWC (21.80%). The biological properties viz; dehydrogenase activity (DHA) (56.8 µg TPF gˉ¹ soil 24 hrˉ¹) and CO2 evolution (37.7 mg COâ‚‚ evolved 100ˉ¹ g soil) was improved with the application of RDF + PC to soybean and 100 % N (FYM) + compensation of P (phosphocompost) to preceding cotton crop. The seed and straw yield of soybean was noticed with RDF to soybean and 25 % N through Neemcake + RDF compensation to preceding cotton crop under cotton-soybean rotation. Thus, it can be inferred that, the management intervention comprising use of RDF along with phosphocompost to soybean and RDF through FYM + remaining P through phosphocompst to cotton crop helps to improve soil physical and biological properties of soil under cotton based soybean rotation in Vertisols.

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