Enterococci were originally classified as enteric gram-positive cocci and later, included in the genus streptococcus. The intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance properties of Enterococci, to several antibiotics, have enabled them to survive in clinical environment Enterococci acquire resistance   to several available antimicrobial agents by either mutation or by receiving the foreign resistant   determinations through plasmids & transposons. The Aim of this research work is to study antimicrobial resistance in Enterococci . The present prospective study was conducted on 125 pure isolates   of Enterococci isolated consecutively from various clinical samples like Pus, Blood, wound Swab, Sputum, urine, etc. Received at Department of Microbiology of Govt Medical College, Bhavnagar for bacteriological culture and sensitivity. The samples obtained were processed for culture of the bacteria as per routine standards methods. Detection of VRE and VSE is done. Chi- square was used to compare differences in resistance to antibiotics among the entercoccal species. A þ value of <0.05 was used to indicate significant differences. 22 (2.3%) pure enterococcal isolates were recovered from 921 specimens. The most frequent source of enterococcal isolations in this study was urine (63.63%) and greater rate of isolation of Enterococci from patients admited in wards (88.80%) as compared to isolates from outdoor patients Overall, this study revealed E.faecalis as the most common species (71.42%) followed by E.faecium (28.57%).The isolates were resistant to Penicillin (43.75%), Ampicillin (37.5%), Gentamicin (50%), Erythromycin (96.87%), Tetracycline (28.1%), Ciprofloxacin (75%). None of the isolates were resistant to linezolid. Two (0.64%) strains were resistant to vancomycin and Teicoplanin. All the strains (100%) in this study were resistant to Erythromycin. It was reassuring that 98.73% and 77.21% of the E.faecalis and 97.67% and 13.95% of the E.faecium in this study were vancomycin and Ampicillin susceptible, respectively. None of the isolate was resistant to linezolid and Tetracycline resistance was found only in 20.00% of isolates, suggesting their possible role in VRE and multi-drug resistant infection. The most frequent source of enterococcal isolations in this study was urine (63.63%) and greater rate of isolation of Enterococci from patients admitted in wards (88.80%) highlights the organisms as one of the important cause of nosocomial urinary tract infections. Overall, in the present study, the isolates were resistant to Penicillin (43.75%), Ampicillin (37.5%), Gentamicin (50%), Erythromycin (96.87%), Tetracycline (28.1%), Ciprofloxacin (75%). None of the isolates were resistant to linezolid. Two (0.64%) strains were resistant to vancomycin and Teicoplanin.

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