National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS)
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PRINT ISSN : 2319-7692
Online ISSN : 2319-7706 Issues : 12 per year Publisher : Excellent Publishers Email : editorijcmas@gmail.com / submit@ijcmas.com Editor-in-chief: Dr.M.Prakash Index Copernicus ICV 2018: 95.39 NAAS RATING 2020: 5.38 |
Earthworms are relatively well known group of soil invertebrates and represents significant part of soil biomass. They are routinely exposed with variety of soil microorganisms as well chemical toxicants. Earthworms have developed powerful immunodefense system to potentially escape from pathogenic environment by evoking the immune system and to maintain the self integrity. Earthworm emerges as immuno-defense model because of their strong, well developed innate immuno-defense mechanism strategy against stressed environment. Coelomic cavity of earthworm consists immunocytes/coelomocytes, homologous to vertebrate’s leukocytes. Their immunity may potentially involved in detoxification of chemicals including, metal contaminants, pesticides and removal of pathogenic microbes. Their immuno-defense mechanism activates cellular signaling cascade at exposure of contaminants including, nanoparticles by releasing several factor like antimicrobial peptides, PAMPs (pathogen associated molecular pattern), cytotoxic molecules, serine protease pathways. This review aims to understand important cellular and humoral pathways to develop immuno-defense strategy in earthworms that may assist in detoxification of toxicants.
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