Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines levels and polymorphisms of their genes have been described to be involved in the pathogenesis of recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM). This study was designed to investigate the relationship of cytokines gene promoter polymorphism of Interleukin -2 and TNF- α with unexplained recurrent spontaneous miscarriage in Iraq women. The study enrolled 350 aborted women who had history of RSM as case group, in all cases full history and complete examinations including body weight, age and body mass index were done. In additionally, all of the patients were screened for various known causes of miscarriages. Based on the results screening 31.4 % of RSM cases are unknown cause, So out of 350 only 110 case were enrolled in this study to investigate the association between RSM and promoter Polymorphisms of cytokine genes, interleukin IL-2 (-330 A/T) and TNF-α (-308 G/A) and compared with 108 healthy controls. The frequency of the gene mutations was determined using (PCR-RFLEP). In addition, the ELISA was conducted to investigate cytokine (IL-2 and TNF- α) serum levels in women with RPA and healthy women. The result shown the estimated levels of serum IL-2 for recurrent pregnancy lose women, the difference was statistically not significant (p > 0.05) while the estimated levels of Mean serum TNF-α for patients group with RSM which was higher than the estimated level of the control group and the relationship is Statistically significant (p < 0.01) and to determine the association of The IL-2 Gene "-330 A/C" and TNF-α "-308 G/A" mutation with RSM, Results showed no significant difference in the prevalence of IL-2 Gene (-330 A/C) genotype and allele frequency among women with RSM and healthy controls, while the results showed significant difference in TNF-α (-308 G/A) genotype and allele frequency in Iraqi women with RSM.

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