Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from the lack insulin secretion, insulin action, or both of these associated abnormalities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic properties of aqueous extract of Commiphora pedunculata on type 1 diabetes in rats induced with streptozotocin. Type 1 diabetes was induced in normal rats by intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin. Seventy-two hours later, the blood glucose level of the animals was measured and the animals with a blood glucose level greater than 1.26 g / L were selected to continue the experiment. After induction of diabetes, diabetic rats will be treated for 28 days with glibenclamide and C. pedunculata extract at different doses (75; 150 and 300mg / kg). Throughout the experiment, the blood sugar level, body weight, food and water consumption of the rats were evaluated. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and the blood collected for the glucose assay, insulin, and biochemical parameters. The pancreas of the animals was removed for histological sections. The results obtained clearly show that streptozotocin induced in animals, diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia and deregulation of biological factors (polyphagia, polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss). However, oral administration of the aqueous extract at daily doses of 150 and 300 mg / kg caused a decrease in serum glucose concentration (62.5 and 57 mg / kg), total cholesterol (11.34 and 15%), triglycerides (7.3 and 4.20%) respectively. On the other hand, the administration of the aqueous extract of C. pedunculata made it possible to improve the physiological parameters in these rats, by reducing polyphagia, polydipsia and polyuria, and by protecting these rats against excessive loss of body weight in treated diabetic rats compared to untreated diabetics. Histology of the pancreas showed a decrease in the size of the islets of Langerhans in untreated diabetic rats compared to normal rats. On the other hand, in rats treated with glibenclamide and with the aqueous extract at different doses, we obtained an increase in the size of the islets of Langerhans compared to the untreated rats. The present study shows that the aqueous extract of C. pedunculata has an anti-diabetic effect on type 1 diabetes, hence its use by herbalists in the treatment of this pathology.

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