An experiment was conducted in the year 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 on potato with potato variety Kufri Arun with seven treatments viz., T1- 50% RDF of NPK, T2- 100% RDF of NPK, T3- 150% RDF of NPK, T4- 100% RDF of PK, T5- 100% RDF of NK, T6- 100% RDF of NP and T₇- Absolute control (without NPK) were laid out in Randomized Block Design with four replications at Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Muzaffarpur, Bihar during rabi season of both the year. The soil of experimental plot was entisol, sandy loam in texture and low in available N, P₂O₅ and K₂O with a pH of 8.30. It has semi-arid, sub-tropical climate, which is greatly influenced by south-west monsoon with an average annual rainfall of 1270 mm. All the growth parameters like percent plant emergence, plant height, dry matter accumulation and bulking rate were significantly influenced by the different rate of NPK application. Among all treatment, T3- 150% of NPK application proved to be significantly superior in all growth character, yield attributing parameters, yield of potato tubers, NPK content in plants, nutrient uptake by crop, available N, P₂O₅ and K₂O in soil, economics, fertilizer use efficiency, except agronomic efficiency and production use efficiency during the experimentation. Skipping of any one major nutrient resulted in poor growth and yield of crop.. Thus, the increment in potato tuber yield was noticed by increasing levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Also the marketable yield, vine yield, tuber: vine ratio and harvest index was recorded highest in treatment T₃- 150% of RDF of NPK. This treatment also recorded significantly higher NPK content and uptake of nutrients and fertilizer use efficiency. Agronomic use efficiency for NPK was registered significantly higher with treatment T₂- 100% RDF (150:90:100 kg N: P₂O₅:K₂O kg/ha). Production use efficiency for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was observed in treatment T₄- 100% RDF of PK, T₅- 100% RDF of NK and 100% of NP. Available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of post-harvest soil of potato crop also influenced by the different levels of nutrient application and maximum found with the application of 150% RDF of NPK. Thus, application of 225 kg N, 135 kg P₂O₅ and 150 kg K₂O kg/ha may be adopted for potato cultivation under calcareous soil of North Bihar.

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