Brucellosis is most common contagious and communicable zoonotic diseases with high rates of morbidity and life time infertility. There has been a major increase over the recent years in intra/interspecific infection rates, due to poor management problems and limited resources, especially in developing countries like India. Abortion in the last trimester is a predominant sign, which is followed by reduced milk output and pyrexia in cattle, while in humans it is characterized by undulant fever, general malaise, and arthritis. While the clinical picture of brucellosis in humans and cattle is not that clear and often misleads with the classical serological diagnosis, efforts here have been made to overcome the limitations of current serological assays through the development of PCR-based diagnosis and other diagnostic methods. Due to its complex nature, brucellosis remains a major threat to public health and livestock in developing countries. In this review, we summarized the recent literature, significant advancements, and challenges in the treatment and vaccination against brucellosis, with a special focus on developing countries.

Download this article as