National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS)
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PRINT ISSN : 2319-7692
Online ISSN : 2319-7706 Issues : 12 per year Publisher : Excellent Publishers Email : editorijcmas@gmail.com / submit@ijcmas.com Editor-in-chief: Dr.M.Prakash Index Copernicus ICV 2018: 95.39 NAAS RATING 2020: 5.38 |
Nitrogen is one of the most important major limiting nutrients for most crops and other plant species. Nitrogen fertilizers affect the balance of the global nitrogen cycle, pollute groundwater and increase atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent "greenhouse" gas. The production of nitrogen fertilizer by industrial nitrogen ï¬xation not only depletes our ï¬nite reserves of fossil fuels but also generates large quantities of carbon dioxide, contributing to global warming. The process of biological nitrogen ï¬xation offers an economically attractive and ecologically sound means of reducing external nitrogen input and improving the quality and quantity of internal resources. Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) is an ecologically important phenomenon that can support an amount of nitrogen to compensate for the deficiencies of this element and legumes are mostly involved in the BNF process. Legumes can form a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-ï¬xing soil bacteria called rhizobia. The result of this symbiosis is to form nodules on the plant root, within which the bacteria can convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia that can be used by the plant. The establishment of a successful symbiosis requires the two symbiotic partners to be compatible with each other throughout the process of symbiotic development. However, incompatibility frequently occurs, such that a bacterial strain is unable to nodulate a particular host plant or form nodules that are incapable of ï¬xing nitrogen. Genetic and molecular mechanisms that regulate symbiotic speciï¬city are diverse, involving a wide range of host and bacterial genes signals with various modes of action. More work is needed on the genes responsible for rhizobia and legumes, the structural chemical bases of rhizobia legume communication, and signal transduction pathways responsible for the symbiosis-speciï¬c genes involved in nodule development and nitrogen ï¬xation.
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