National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS)
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PRINT ISSN : 2319-7692
Online ISSN : 2319-7706 Issues : 12 per year Publisher : Excellent Publishers Email : editorijcmas@gmail.com / submit@ijcmas.com Editor-in-chief: Dr.M.Prakash Index Copernicus ICV 2018: 95.39 NAAS RATING 2020: 5.38 |
The genus Theileria includes tick-transmitted Apicomplexan parasites of ruminants with substantial economic impact in endemic countries. Amongst the Apicomplexa phylum, Theileria is the only genus which transforms its mammalian host cells. Theileria parva and Theileria annulata infect leukocytes where they induce phenotypes that are shared with some cancers such as immortalization, dissemination and hyper proliferation. Transformation of lymphocytes is induced during the schizont stage. The mechanism of host cell transformation induces constitutive activation of bovine transcription factors (NF-kB) and associated signal transduction pathways. P53 plays an important role in proliferation and apoptosis and thus represents a key molecule in tumor formation. Moreover T. annulata schizonts induce a Warburg effect in host cells by a shift in ATP generation from predominantly oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis and Theileria parasites avoids autophagic clearance by directly blocking autophagy. Theileria parasites secrete a protein, prolyl isomerase for maintaining the transformation of host cells. The host cell transformation by Theileria parasites and the comparison between cancer biology and host-Theileria interactions can help in revealing chemotherapeutic targets. This review is about host cell manipulation induced by Theileria parasites and the phenotypes, Theileria infected cells share with many cancers.
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